DCI® S

Applications

DCI S is recommended for all steel-reinforced, post-tensioned and prestressed concrete that will come in contact with chlorides from deicing salts or a marine environment. Examples are chloride contaminated soil, support structures, bridge decks, prestressed members, and structures in marine environments. It may also be used in concrete where chlorides are added during manufacture.

Facts about Steel Corrosion

Corrosion occurs in the presence of oxygen, moisture, and an electrolyte. As chlorides attack the reinforcing steel, the salt intensifies the electrolyte properties of concrete, thereby creating a corrosion cell. As the corrosion reaction occurs, rust is formed. It migrates away from the reinforcing bar, leaving more iron to be corroded. This process continues and two situations develop:

• The reinforcing bars disintegrate, which reduces the flexural strength of the concrete structure; and,
• Iron, as it oxidizes, expands to four times its original volume. This expansion results in physical disruption of the concrete. Typical results are cracks, stains, crazing, spalling and pot holes; all of which are safety hazards.

Chemical Inhibition of Corrosion

DCI S Corrosion Inhibitor is a system containing calcium nitrite which interacts with the embedded steel in concrete to prevent salt attack. By chemically reacting with the reinforcing, a barrier is formed which prevents chloride penetration. Corrosion initiation is delayed and corrosion rates are kept under control. Once corrosion has been inhibited, physical disruption of the concrete due to rust formation will not occur.

When added to concrete in sufficient quantity as determined by the anticipated chloride ion content of the concrete over the design life of the structure, DCI S maintains an active corrosion-controlling system within the concrete matrix.

Addition Rates

Recommended addition rates range from 5 to 30L / m3. The level of corrosion protection increases in proportion to the dosage. The project specification will indicate the addition rate. In the absence of a specified dosage, or where needed to offset premixed chlorides, call your local GCP representative.

Mix Water Reduction

Mix water adjustment is essential to account for the water in DCI S and thus maintain the desired water-cement ratio. The mix water added at the batch plant must therefore be reduced to compensate for the addition of the corrosion inhibitor. One litre of DCI S contains 0.84kg (0.84L) of water. A high-range water reducer such as ADVA® may be used to maintain workability in low water-cement ratio concrete.

Compatibility with Other Admixtures

DCI S Corrosion Inhibitor can be used in concrete with other admixtures, including air-entraining admixtures, water reducers, superplasticisers, set-retarders, pozzolans and microsilica, without impeding their performance. Each admixture must be added separately. Individually added, each will deliver exactly the results desired.

Concrete Set Time

DCI S is a neutral-set corrosion inhibitor formulated not to affect concrete setting times at or below 22°C, which may also aggravate slump loss. In some cases, environmental conditions may require the addition of an accelerator or a retarder. In these cases, DARASET®, a non-chloride accelerator, or a retarder such as DARATARD® 17, both from GCP Applied Technologies, may be added separately to the concrete mix.

Air Entrainment

DCI S Corrosion Inhibitor at the normal addition rates may moderately reduce the entrained air content. It may be necessary to increase the dosage of the air-entraining admixture to compensate. Project specifications for DCI S generally will show requirements of 6½ ± 1½% in the plastic or fresh concrete.